Viral cerebellitis causes. ACA causes a sudden loss of balance and coordination.

Viral cerebellitis causes. Imaging findings in acute cerebellitis have been categorized as bihemispheric acute cerebellitis, hemicerebellitis, or acute cerebellitis with encephalitis. A small proportion of children have evidence Feb 20, 2017 · Abstract Acute cerebellitis is a benign neurologic condition generally caused by viral or bacterial infections. It may have a benign, self-limiting course or present as a fulminant disease resulting in severe cerebellar damage or even sudden death. T2-FLAIR hyperintense signal in the brainstem and supratentorial brain may be indicative of immune-related acute cerebellitis, and downward herniation While acute cerebellitis is one of the most frequent acute cerebellar diseases associated with VZV in childhood, VZV rarely causes cerebellitis in adults, with or without skin manifestations, and only a few isolated cases of adult VZV cerebellitis have been reported. Early acyclovir treatment is beneficial for acute VZV cerebellitis. Available from: www. The most common causes of acute ataxia in children are acute cerebellitis (acute cerebellar ataxia), toxic ingestions, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. It is either infectious, usually viral, post-infectious or post vaccinal in etiology. Jun 22, 2022 · autoimmune encephalitis Autoimmune encephalitis refers to a group of disorders which vary along numerous dimensions, as shown in the table below. Journal of Movement Disorders [Internet]. Sep 30, 2021 · 1⁄4 CONCLUSIONS: Acute cerebellitis is a rare condition, and MR imaging is helpful in the differential diagnosis. Infections may be directly or indirectly responsible. MeSH Keywords: Cerebellar Diseases, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Background Acute cerebellitis is inflammation of the cerebellum. Sep 1, 2022 · • Plasmodium falciparum is the one associated with sever presentations. In our patient, cerebellitis was a characteristic sign distinguishable from other causes. VZV was identified in 16 of Abstract Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes acute viral exanthema in childhood, becomes latent, and can reactivate years later to produce neurologic disease. It mainly affects young children following an episode of usually viral infection (notably varicella), but sometimes also adults, mostly upon Epstein-Barr virus or mycoplasma infection. Oct 8, 2024 · Post-infectious cerebellitis caused by the varicellar virus is the most common cause of acute cerebellitis in our study. • Post-infectious cerebellitis can be caused by malaria. Brainstem encephalitis (BE) is a relatively rare, severe, and rapidly progressive inflammation of the brainstem. In this article, we discuss Nov 22, 2017 · Acute cerebellitis in adults is a rare disorder which mainly presents with headache, nausea/vomiting and ataxia. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) bacterial Listeria monocytogenes: the most common cause of infectious rhombencephalitis 7 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rickettsia, Borrelia burgdoferi, Salmonella typhi, Legionella bozemanii and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are agents that rarely cause encephalitis, but can involve the brainstem. Jun 4, 2021 · Methods We retrospectively analyzed nine patients diagnosed with ACA or acute cerebellitis (AC) who received steroid therapy. It typically occurs as a primary infectious or post-infectious disorder. Acute cerebellitis is one of the main causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood and may be infectious, postinfectious, or postvaccination. T2-FLAIR hyperintense signal in the brainstem and supratentorial brain may be indicative of immune-related acute cerebellitis, and downward herniation may be indicative of infectious acute cerebellitis. g. We made a diagnosis of acute cerebellar ataxia due to varicella zoster virus and treated Acute cerebellitis (AC), a rare inflammatory disorder of the cerebellum, is primarily associated with infectious, post-infectious, and autoimmune mechanisms. It predominantly affects children and typically follows a benign and self-limited course. Ataxia represents the most common presenting symptom, usually accompanied by hypotonia, dysmetria and tremor of the limbs, head and trunk titubation, scanning speech or mutism and sometimes nystagmus, occular Abstract Apart from infectious causes and cerebellar dysfunction associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome dementia or HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, cerebellar dysfunction in HIV-positive individuals has been ascribed to granule cell neuronopathy as well as primary cerebellar atrophy without identifiable etiology. ACA causes a sudden loss of balance and coordination. We present the case of a 22-year-old male with acute onset ataxia and Dec 9, 2013 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare diagnosis found mostly in the pediatric population. Post Sep 30, 2021 · CONCLUSIONS: Acute cerebellitis is a rare condition, and MR imaging is helpful in the differential diagnosis. Acute cerebellitis is one of the main causes of cerebellar dysfunction in children, and may be infectious, post-infectious or post-vaccination. Description 27-year-old boy, otherwise generally of good health, presented with 3 days history of high grade fever, reduced consciousness and seizures. • Cerebellitis usually respond well to malaria treatment. Clinicians should consider infectious Central Nervous System (CNS) causes for presentations of acute cerebellar ataxia in adult patients, particularly if there is an accompanying clouded sensorium. We Post-infectious acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause, it is self-limiting and is a diagnosis of exclusion Some conditions present with an unsteady gait due to weakness or pain. there is no accepted consensus regarding the best management of children with AC/ACA: the aim of the study is both to assess clinical, neuroimaging and electrophysiologic features of children with AC/ACA and to evaluate the correlation SUMMARY Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) is a specific type of cerebellar ataxia that occurs in children. Following is a case report of a young patient who presented with seizures, cerebellar signs following COVID-19 infection. If there is a delay of a few to several weeks from the onset of infectious symptoms to the appearance of the ataxia, the Feb 1, 2003 · We report 2 cases of severe primary acute cerebellitis caused by HSV type 1 that were identified by nested polymerase chain reaction performed on cerebrospinal fluid samples. Acute cerebellitis is one of the most common cerebellar disorders and occurs due to para-infectious, post-infectious, or post-vaccination cerebellar inflammation. Definitions and Terms Acute cerebellitis (AC) can be caused by either primary infection or postinfectious immune-mediated processes. In children, acute cerebellitis usually results from infectious causes and with complete recovery, whereas autoimmune or paraneoplastic causes are common in adults with poor prognosis. Mar 22, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis (AC), a rare inflammatory disorder of the cerebellum, is primarily associated with infectious, post-infectious, and autoimmune mechanisms. A rare cerebellar ataxia characterized by cerebellar inflammation caused by viral or bacterial infection-triggered, immune-mediated mechanisms. Many non-infectious meningoencephalomyelitides (NIME) have been described including steroid-responsive Jun 11, 2018 · Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in children and it usually runs a self-limiting and ultimately benign clinical course. Although the condition is usually benign, fatal complications include obstructive hydrocephalus and brainstem compression; therefore, prompt accurate Jan 11, 2000 · A clinical diagnosis of acute cerebellitis was made, most likely viral induced, as no systemic infection (blood and urine cultures were negative) was found. The girl was treated conservatively Oct 5, 2020 · Cerebellitis is an acute neurological disorder, primarily affecting children, characterized by cerebellar dysfunction, secondary to a recent or concurrent infection, medical treatment, or medication reaction, with radiographical evidence of cerebellar inflammation [1,11,21]. Many of these children suffer more severe and potentially l … In the following days, she developed acute ataxia, drowsiness, vertigo, and nystagmus with a positive EBV IgM titer, confirming acute infectious mononucleosis. Nov 1, 2023 · Acute cerebellitis (AC) in children and adolescents is an inflammatory disease of the cerebellum due to viral or bacterial infections but also autoimmune-mediated processes. VZV is the only virus Mar 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterized by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. 4 per cent respectively in one study. Oct 24, 2014 · Fungal infections, particularly Aspergillus infections, cause acute cerebellitis through their invasion into the brain [135]. Perhaps most notable is the ability of VZV to cause an infectious vasculitis that involves cranial arteries. Symptoms typically resolve withintwo to four weeks. The ataxia may be transient (e. [3] The disease affects the function or structure of the cerebellum region in the brain. Mar 1, 2019 · Acute cerebellitis (AC) is an inflammatory syndrome that causes acute cerebellar dysfunction (ataxia, nystagmus or dysmetria) often in association with fever, headache, nausea and altered consciousness. Furthermore, the most favourable treatment regimen has not been determined. Mar 1, 2019 · Discussion: Acute cerebellitis, in which cerebellar inflammation is predominant, is occasionally accompanied by cerebral symptoms, such as consciousness disturbance and seizures. ACA, acute cerebellar ataxia; AC, acute cerebellitis; MPD, methylprednisolone. Post . Typically, the clinical presentation includes limb or gait ataxia, wide-based gait, nystagmus, dysarthria, tremor associated with headache, somnolence, stiff neck, and vomiting [1]. Acute cerebellar ataxia and acute cerebellitis are the most frequent causes of cerebellar dysfunction in children. Her symptoms improved with fluid hydration and no antibiotics. e. Mar 1, 2023 · Acute cerebellitis is the most frequent cause of acute ataxia in children. Acute cerebellitis is an inflammatory syndrome associated with cerebellar swelling and dysfunction, hypothesized to be a result of infection (most commonly viral) and less commonly after vaccination. 1 - 7 Although presumed to be more common in children, adult cases of cerebellitis are well established, and the outcome of cerebellitis in young adults is considered quite favorable. Reported antecedent infections include Epstein-Barr virus, influenza A and B, mumps, varicella-zoster, Coxsackie virus, rotavirus, echovirus, Mycoplasma, and immunization. Acute cerebellar ataxia is a neurological movement disorder most common in young children. Learn about the causes and treatments in this article. Non-viral causes of encephalitis or encephalopathy). There is no consensus on the etiology of acute cerebellitis, yet most cases are caused by primary infection, post-infectious syndrome, or after vaccination [1, 2]. Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of childhood ataxia, accounting for about 30–50% of all cases. 2 Mild Feb 28, 2020 · Though the two causes of acute cerebellar ataxia were revealed in the current patient, we supposed that the EBV-associated cerebellitis might be the leading factor contributing to the patient’s symptoms for the following reasons, while anti-Yo antibody might seem to be an incidental finding during the evaluation of ataxia. Introduction Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory disease with a highly variable clinical course that ranges from benign self-limiting symptoms to a fulminant presentation associated with a high risk of death due to compression of the posterior fossa, acute hydrocephalus, and intracranial hypertension. The clinical presentation is usually benign, however, severe cases with brainstem compression may present as coma. Jul 1, 2019 · Acute ataxia is fairly common in children. A: Duration between prodromal illness and the beginning of steroid therapy (day); B: Duration between steroid therapy and the beginning of symptom improvement (day); C: Duration between the beginning of steroid therapy and complete recovery (day). It often presents weeks after a viral illness or more rarely after a May 22, 2025 · JC virus (i. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or Aug 19, 2022 · Malaria is a common parasitic infection with a wide range of clinical presentations. It usuallyoccurs after a viral infection. 3–5 By consensus, cerebellar ataxia is Mar 12, 2020 · The diagnosis of acute cerebellitis rather than acute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia should be considered when headache and vomiting accompany ataxia in a child. Postinfectious cerebellitis PIC is defined as cerebellar inflammation induced by immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by viral or bacterial infection [7, 8, 10, 11, 50]. A brain MRI showed no acute changes and a CT scan showed hepatosplenomegaly. Acute cerebellitis is one of the main causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in children. Despite the many potential infectious etiologies of meningoencephalitis in tropical regions, HSV1 and HSV2 should remain high on the differential given their high incidence. AC denotes an infection that directly affects the cerebellum often with abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and with symptoms and signs beyond a pure cerebellar Jun 1, 2019 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory disease with a highly variable clinical course that ranges from benign self-limiting symptoms to a fulminant presentation associated with a high risk of death due to compression of the posterior fossa, acute hydrocephalus, and intracranial hypertension. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, as the etiology is often unknown, but it may be associated with several pathogens (mostly viruses) and use of medication. Affected individuals mainly present with acute-onset afebrile gait INTRODUCTION Cerebellar ataxia is a common finding in patients seen in neurologic practice and has a wide variety of causes. Most of the Abstract Acute cerebellitis is a benign neurologic condition generally caused by viral or bacterial infections. In this article, the term acute is defined as symptoms evolving over a few hours to 2 days. Less common but important causes include opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) and acute cerebellitis. Infectious, eg viral, protozoal, rickettsial and mycotic. Cerebellar involvement of HSV-1 is rare and almost always associated with meningoencephalitis. Jul 2, 2008 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare disease of cerebellum which can occur as a primary infectious, postinfectious, or postvaccination disorder. Methods We reviewed clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings from children ACA, acute cerebellar ataxia; AC, acute cerebellitis; MPD, methylprednisolone. Apr 23, 2023 · Introduction Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCA) include ataxias where the trigger is known, e. Influenza associated cerebellitis is extremely rare; a 6-year-old boy with acute cerebellitis, who presented with fever, vomiting, weakness, febrile seizure, and acute cerebellar features, is discussed in this article. We describe two children, a girl aged 5 years and a boy aged 11 years, with acute cerebellitis. The clinical presentation and MRI features are most consistent with an acute cerebellitis. Varicella infection-induced cases, once the most common single postinfectious cause, has diminished due to vaccination [6,8,10]. Although the Lancet’s latest Global Burden of Disease report indicates life expectancy has increased dramatically during the past Dec 1, 2011 · Acute cerebellitis can cause life threatening raised intracranial pressure, and may need urgent life-saving neurosurgical intervention. Diseases can be subclassified based on their anatomic location, or the causative antibody. Jan 1, 2024 · Viral encephalitis is an important cause of acute neurological illness worldwide. Varicella is the most commonly associated virus. Initial MRI Jan 1, 2021 · Discussion Acute cerebellitis is a rare disease with symptoms of headache, nausea/vomiting, and ataxia. In this case report, we will present a previously healthy Abstract Introduction. A diagnosis of acute cerebellitis was made on the basis of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Thorough history and Feb 14, 2006 · ABSTRACT Acute cerebellitis is one of the main causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood and may be infectious, postinfectious, or postvaccination. Presentations vary widely, from acute cerebellar swelling due to infarction, edema, or hemorrhage that can have rapid and catastrophic effects, to chronic and slowly progressive cerebellar degeneration. The cause was Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the first patient, and unknown in the second. 11 Lateral ventricle enlargement, upward herniation and meningeal enhancement may occur. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or Mar 1, 2021 · Cerebellitis is an acute neurological disorder, primarily affecting children, characterized by cerebellar dysfunction, secondary to a recent or concurrent infection, medical treatment, or medication reaction, with radiographical evidence of cerebellar inflammation [1], [11], [21]. Encephalitis also may cause changes in sight or hearing. Neuroimaging and extensive serologic and CSF testing in this case showed no evidence of a vascular, neoplastic, paraneoplastic, demyelinating, toxic, or direct infective cause. Acute post-infectious cerebellar ataxia is the most common form of acute ataxia found in children and occurs after some types of infections. , fever, vomiting, diarrhea, head-ache, and dizziness) were also present, and these symptoms were similar to those described in previous studies [9,10]. The clinical observation of acute cerebellitis is associated with the emergence of cerebellar ataxia. Jan 17, 2019 · Acute cerebellar ataxia, also known as postinfectious cerebellitis, most often presents in younger children 2-6 years of age. The term primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia Conclusion Herpesviruses are the most frequently diagnosed cause of infectious encephalitis worldwide and make up a significant portion of meningitis cases as well. This condition typically occurs as a complication of a viral or bacterial infection, leading to inflammation of the cerebellum and subsequent neurological symptoms. An adolescent presented with headache and projectile vomiting and showed ataxia, dysarthia and nystagmus with normal cognition. Terminology Cerebritis is essentially the same as encephalitis except that it is used to denote brain pare Norovirus, a positive-stranded RNA virus, is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis among all age groups worldwide. Here, we report a 45‐year‐old female with acute onset cerebellitis, beginning 10 days after Jan 19, 2025 · Infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune causes were excluded. The cause is idiopathic in most cases, however, is most likely related to in utero viral infections, toxins or genetic disorders. org [11] Shiihara T, Kato M, Konno A, Takahashi Y, Hayasaka K. Acute cerebellitis (AC) and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) are the principal causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood. Jan 4, 2025 · Cerebellar ataxia is a common manifestation, and sometimes the most prominent, of many neurological diseases of different etiology, including genetic and acquired causes. Infection with external microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, induces the release and production of inflammatory mediators, which drive acute cerebellar inflammation. To diagnose cerebellitis, imaging of the brain (preferably MRI) is required and CSF examination may be necessary to narrow the differential diagnosis. Feb 28, 2006 · Acute cerebellitis is an inflammatory syndrome of cerebellar dysfunction of infectious, post-infectious or post-vaccination etiology. It usually occurs as a primary infectious, postinfectious or postvaccination disorder, and mostly presents in early childhood. This study, the largest case series to date focusing … Many recent reports of acute cerebellitis with a critical or potentially critical course have changed the conception of the disease from an acute cerebellar ataxia with a benign course to a notable disease entity with a heterogeneous pathogenesis. 2012;5:21–3. It is an acute inflammatory syndrome that occurs most commonly in young children. In utero viral infections with panleukopenia and canine Herpes viruses may produce cerebellar malformations in neonates, occasionally associated with other brain anomalies. Autoimmune e Acute cerebellar ataxia is a neurological disorder characterized by a sudden loss of coordination, particularly affecting the trunk, arms, and legs due to dysfunction in the cerebellum, the brain region responsible for balance and coordination. If there is a delay of a few to several weeks from the onset of infectious symptoms to the appearance of the ataxia, the Feb 11, 2025 · Acute cerebellar ataxia in children, particularly younger than age 3, may occur several days or weeks after an illness caused by a virus. 2 All 10 of the cases with cerebellitis had normal CSF and CT scans. Results: We report the case of 2 patients aged Abstract Acute cerebellitis is one of the main causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in children. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to neurological complications, including cerebellitis, characterized by inflammation of the cerebellum. Bouguelaa, MD A plethora of neurological symptoms have been reported as the side effects of COVID‐19 vaccines. Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory syndrome, often characterized by cerebellar dysfunction of rapid onset. Acute cerebellitis (AC) is a benign and self-limiting inflammatory disease. Vaccine‐associated acute cerebellitis is quite rare. Infection with external microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, induces acute cerebellar inflammation. Presumed immune-mediated cerebellar granuloprival degeneration in the Coton de Tulear breed Coton de Tulear. Objective: Acute cerebellitis is a rare condition often characterized by severe headache, vomiting, fever, ataxia and loss of consciousness. It presents with ataxia, dysarthria, nystagmus, and other cerebellar dysfunctions. Jul 8, 2024 · Introduction: Cerebellitis is an inflammatory pathology of cerebellar structures more common in children, frequently of post-infectious origin or following vaccination, seldom during a viral or bacterial infection. following a viral infection, also known as post-viral cerebellitis), episodic (eg: episodic ataxias due to genetic causes) or progressive (eg: in Friedreich’s ataxia, the most common ataxia in the UK13). 7 , 8 Patients typically present with acute cerebellar dysfunction (ataxia, nystagmus, or dysmetria), headache, nausea, and altered consciousness. This could be the first report of rhinovirus-associated acute cerebellitis; however, the clinical course of our patient, including cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels and MRI findings, corresponded well with previous reports on rotavirus-associated acute cerebellitis. Furthermore, the immune system mounts a misguided attack on cerebellar tissues, this phenomenon happens after Acute cerebellitis is one of the most common cerebellar disorders and occurs due to para-infectious, post-infectious, or post-vaccination cerebellar inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare infectious versus post-infectious cerebellitis in terms of clinical features Cerebellitis is a medical and surgical emergency; diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion and an emergency brain magnetic resonance imaging study. Cerebellar ataxia manifests itself subsequent to a viral infection and it leads to impaired coordination and balance. Numerous other viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), HSV-1, HHV-6, enteroviruses, measles, and mumps may cause cerebritis with similar clinical and radiologic presentations. Oct 31, 2019 · Acute cerebellar ataxia is a disorder in children that causes a loss of coordination and movement control. Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is known as a common infectious cause of sporadic encephalitis. Postinfectious cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in childhood. Bradycardia, along with neurological deficits, should raise the suspicion of acute cerebellitis. We describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with acute mental status changes, signs of cerebellar Despite the introduction of vaccines in 2006, rotavirus remains one of the most common causes of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide. Mar 13, 2025 · Treatment of acute cerebellitis typically involves medical management of the underlying cause, corticosteroids, and rarely decompressive surgery for imminent herniation. 1,2 We draw attention to two children with COVID-19-associated acute fulminant cerebellitis and discuss the treatment challenges. (5) The causes of acute ataxia in children are typically benign but at times can represent serious illness. 6 per cent compared to 16. We report a 10-year-old boy with Mycoplasma infection–associated acute cerebellitis and obstructive hydrocephalus that responded Mar 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterised by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. Post-infectious cerebellitis is an inflammatory condition of the cerebellum, often occurring after a viral or bacterial infection. Although AC mostly presents in early childhood, it can appear in adult. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Different pathologies can involve the CC and cause abnormalities within this structure, including congenital In our patient, cerebellitis was a characteristic sign distinguishable from other causes. Acute cerebellitis in children mainly presents with headache and ataxia [2] and may either have a benign, self-limiting course, or present as a fulminant disease requiring Acute cerebellar ataxia in children, particularly younger than age 3, may occur several days or weeks after an illness caused by a virus. Multiple sclerosis is the most common diagnosis in this group. The clinical course, prognosis, and treatment outcomes of BE Jan 1, 2020 · Acute cerebellitis may result from a direct infection of the cerebellum or following a systemic illness. symptom of ACA (70% to 100%) [6,10,11]. The etiology of acute cerebellitis is usually viral. Mar 27, 2025 · Cerebellitis is caused by infections such as chicken pox or epstein-barr virus. there is no accepted consensus regarding the best management of children with AC/ACA: the aim of the study is both to assess clinical, neuroimaging and electrophysiologic features of children with AC/ACA and to evaluate the correlation Cerebellitis, or acute cerebellar ataxia, is an inflammatory process of the cerebellar white matter that occasionally is manifested after systemic viral or bacterial infections (8). A small proportion of children have evidence of inflammatory swelling in the cerebellum. Case report. As specialists in acute neurology, neurohospitalists are often called upon to diagnose and manage acute viral infections affecting the nervous system. 1 Although rare, recurrent cases of acute cerebellar ataxia have been reported, although little is known about the mechanisms of disease in Jan 1, 2012 · Cerebellitis is thought to be an inflammatory condition involving the cerebellum that affects children and adults. Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias encompass a large group of diseases arising from various mechanisms that lead to neuronal dysfunction or cell death. Other less common causes include cerebellar masses, inflammation and infection, mal de debarquement, various Mar 31, 2023 · In the following days, she developed acute ataxia, drowsiness, vertigo, and nystagmus with a positive EBV IgM titer, confirming acute infectious mononucleosis. Jan 6, 2020 · Conclusions Acute cerebellitis can present in various ways. Acyclovir has significantly reduced the mortality associated with HSV encephal Jul 6, 2025 · Cerebritis is a term that represents inflammation of the brain in the setting of infection, before the development of a cerebral abscess. A review of the literature identified similar cases of acute cerebellitis without limbic symptoms, although neuroimaging abnormalities in the cerebellum were not reported. Acute cerebellitis (AC), a rare inflammatory disorder of the cerebellum, is primarily associated with infectious, post-infectious, and autoimmune mechanisms. Although the immunization with meningococcal Post-viral cerebellar ataxia also known as cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) is a disease characterized by the sudden onset of ataxia following a viral infection. Aug 20, 2019 · VZV may also cause acute cerebellitis and present with ataxia after infection or vaccination. Radiology Cases of Acute Cerebellitis There is loss of differentiation of the cerebellar folia due to cerebellar edema seen as the cerebellar folia having low signal intensity on axial T1 MRI without contrast (below left), high signal intensity on axial T2 MRI (above right) and mild enhancement on axial T1 MRI with contrast (below right). Acute and abrupt onset is associated with strokes and structural brain lesions. Jun 1, 2019 · Acute cerebellitis, in which cerebellar inflammation is predominant, is occasionally accompanied by cerebral symptoms, such as consciousness disturbance and seizures. Since the varicella zoster virus rarely causes cerebellar disease in adults, hence here we report a non-immunized, immune-competent adult patient presented to the emergency department with unsteadiness in gait, profuse sweating, exanthematous vesicular rash. It is most often seen in children younger than 6 years of age. It is a clinical-radiological syndrome characterised by acute or subacute encephalopathy with intracranial hypertension and cerebellar syndrome asso … Cerebellitis, also known as acute cerebellar ataxia, is an inflammatory syndrome of cerebellar dysfunction that may reflect an infectious, post-infectious, or post-vaccination disorder. Jun 1, 2018 · While acute cerebellitis is one of the most frequent acute cerebellar diseases associated with VZV in childhood, VZV rarely causes cerebellitis in adults, with or without skin manifestations, and only a few isolated cases of adult VZV cerebellitis have been reported. Varicella zoster, Epsten-Barr, rubeola, pertussis, diphtheria, and coxsackie viruses are the most … Acute cerebellitis is an inflammatory process involving the cerebellum. Case Descriptions A 40-year-old man presented with a three-day history of acute onset of dizziness, vomiting and headache which was initially diagnosed and managed as Mar 31, 2023 · The patient was clinically diagnosed with EBV-associated acute cerebellitis. The differential diagnosis of rapidly evolving cerebellar signs suggesting infection includes prescription or illicit drug intoxications or adverse reactions, inflammatory pseudotumor, paraneoplastic processes, and acute postinfectious cerebellitis. We studied a prospective cohort of 20 HIV-negative patients presenting with acute VZV encephalitis caused by primary infection or reactivation. We retrieved clinical, laboratory, and follow-up data of 15 children diagnosed with acute cerebellitis in our department between 2 … Jun 12, 2017 · Background Acute cerebellitis (AC) and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) are the principal causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood. COVID-19 has not yet been reported as a cause of acute viral cerebellitis without associated respiratory symptoms. Regarding three pediatric clinical cases, the authors make a brief review on this entity, with particular emphasis on its causes and imaging findings. Acute cerebellitis more commonly affects children, who may show signs of acute onset ataxia, dysarthria (motor speech difficulties), and nystagmus (uncontrolled eye movements) (23). Fulminant cerebellitis is a severe form of acute cerebellitis that is a medical and surgical emergency, for which management should be started immediately. While many studies have conclusively shown that rotavirus infection causes gastroenteritis and is associated with Inflammatory Idiopathic cerebellitis (generalized tremor syndrome Idiopathic tremors of adult dogs ). It is a pure cerebellar syndrome often with normal MRI at onset. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or m Some authors termed the former as acute cerebellitis (AC) [139] and the latter as post- or para-infectious cerebellitis, post-infectious cerebellar ataxia, or acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) [138, 140]. Background: Pseudotumor hemicerebellitis is a rare, unilateral demonstration of acute cerebellitis. It is the most common type of encephalitis and often coexists with viral meningitis. Acute cerebellitis in adults is a rare entity with a wide range in etiology, clinical presentation and outcome. A follow-up MRI was suggested but not completed. The presence of VZV cerebellitis without skin manifestations, however, is exceedingly rare in immunocompetent adults. Chronic ataxia is sometimes referred to as cerebellitis, and is seen in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Acute childhood ataxia is a relatively common presenting complaint in paediatric emergency settings. Acute cerebellar ataxia and consecutive cerebellitis produced by glutamate receptor δ2 autoantibody. Mar 14, 1994 · Some authors feel that acute cerebellitis and acute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia are, in fact, a spectrum of the same disease (51). Feb 25, 2023 · Infectious diseases still account for a significant amount of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Symptoms include headache, ataxia, photophobia, and increased intracranial pressure. Rarer causes include toxic ones. Due to rarity of disease, the literature describing cerebellitis is unclear, with its epidemiology, diagnosis Sep 12, 2019 · Acute cerebellitis is one of the most common cerebellar disorders and occurs due to para-infectious, post-infectious, or post-vaccination cerebellar inflammation. e-jmd. We report a case of VZV cerebellitis in an Most patients with the acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) have vestibular neuritis or stroke or, in the setting of trauma, a posttraumatic vestibular cause. Acute cerebellitis is the most frequent cause of acute ataxia in children. Many of these children suffer more severe and potentially life-threatening forms of cerebellar ataxia and may need more intensive treatments including May 16, 2024 · Symptoms Encephalitis may cause many different symptoms including confusion, personality changes, seizures or trouble with movement. Both of these Nov 10, 2017 · Severe cases of acute cerebellitis may additionally have altered consciousness secondary to cerebellar swelling resulting in raised intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, and even herniation. Mycoplasma, rotavirus and human herpesvirus are the usual pathogens implicated in direct infection [44]. 1–3 Acute cerebellitis may occur as a direct consequence of viral infection within the central nervous system (CNS). Nov 4, 2022 · An Elderly Case of Acute Cerebellitis after Alleged Vaccination CASE REPORT Corresponding author. ered an infectious cause of cerebellitis. Aug 13, 2024 · The progression of cerebellar atrophy following an initially normal MRI is a significant finding that offers supporting evidence for the diagnosis of cerebellitis. [1][2][3] Jul 3, 2022 · pathophysiology VZV may cause a variety of presentations including vasculopathy, encephalitis, cerebellitis, cranial neuropathies, meningitis, and myelitis. In this broad review covering the neurology of several acute viral infections, our aim is to Mar 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterized by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias include: 1) ataxia where the trigger is known (eg, gluten ataxia or postinfectious cerebellitis), 2) ataxia with well-characterized antineuronal antibodies, and 3) primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia, a The most common causes of cerebellitis are acute viral infection, postinfection, and following vaccination. Since the condition presents with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, radiological investigations, preferably magnetic resonance imaging, become essential in diagnosing it and planning further management. Feb 23, 2023 · Infectious causes: most common in children — viral cerebellitis, especially 2–10 years old (pyrexia, limb/gait ataxia, and dysarthria, with recovery over a period of weeks) Background Post-infectious Cerebellitis is an inflammatory condition of the cerebellum, often occurring after a viral or bacterial infection. Fever. Cerebellitis affects mainly younger children after a variety of illnesses, usually viral infection, most commonly varicella [138, 139]. It's typically viral. Discussion: Acute cerebellitis, in which cerebellar inflammation is predominant, is occasionally accompanied by cerebral symptoms, such as consciousness disturbance and seizures. The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest white matter structure that contributes to the integration of information between both brain hemispheres. We present a case of acute cerebellitis following otherwise asymptomatic Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection. Apr 18, 2024 · Acute cerebellar ataxia usually occurs after an acute febrile illness, though it may occur unheralded [5,9]. We report the clinical, CT and MRI features of four cases and a review of the literature. Importantly cerebellar signs can be absent at presentation. ACUTE POST-INFECTIOUS CEREBELLAR ATAXIA Acute Post-Infectious Cerebellar Ataxia (aka. It is most common in children, especially those younger than age 3, and usually occurs several weeks following a viral infection. There are many bacterial and viral causes of primary infectious cases and the basic mechanism of postinfectious etiology is immunologically mediated perivenous demyelination [1 – 4]. This process may also fol-low immunisation and is known as acute disseminated en-cephalomyelitis (ADEM). Clinical Signs. This case report illustrates an ultra-rare association between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and acute cerebellitis, with a successful outcome following treatment and monitoring. Most of the time, full recovery took place but complications can occur. Apr 14, 2025 · Post-viral cerebellitis exhibits itself as a notable inflammation and resultant ataxia and it represents a challenging condition that primarily affects the cerebellum. Mumps is an acute, self-limiting infection caused by a single-stranded, pleomorphic RNA virus of the Paramyxoviridae family. Apr 9, 2024 · Some causes of ataxia in children include: infection, head injury, medications, and toxins such as illicit substances, lead poisoning and carbon monoxide. The possibility of an EBV infection should be considered in the diff erential diagnosis of CNS lesion in patients with HIV, and EBV-related malignant diseases should be diff erentiated, to ensure appropriate treatment. The possibility of an EBV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of CNS lesion in patients with HIV, and EBV-related malignant diseases should be differentiated, to ensure appropriate treatment. Aug 8, 2023 · Viral encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by a virus. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or Acute cerebellitis is a rare condition often considered within the group of acute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia despite its distinctive clinical and imaging features. Viruses invade the host outside the central nervous system (CNS) and then reach the spinal cord and brain hematogenously or in a retrograde manner from nerve endings. He Viral encephalitis; Table 3. Its aetiology is usually viral and a large number of viruses have been implicated (varicella-zoster, measles, mumps, coxsackie, Epstein-Barr, rubeola, pertussis and diphtheria, among others), although in most cases a definite aetiology remains CEREBELLITIS or acute cerebellar ataxia is a neurologic complication that occasionally follows systemic viral or bacterial infections. It is a diagnosis of exclusion that requires a thorough H&P with appropriate choice of investigations. Despite its rare occurrence, cerebellitis has been associated with COVID-19 infection, albeit the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. This study, the largest case series to date focusing exclusively on adult-onset AC, reveals distinct clinical, laboratory, and imaging Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in children and it usually runs a self-limiting and ultimately benign clinical course. The outcome is usually favorable although the initial clinical picture varies greatly between patients. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or Nov 22, 2017 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory syndrome. Jan 1, 2012 · Cerebellitis is thought to be an inflammatory condition involving the cerebellum that affects children and adults. Aug 16, 2011 · Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a leading cause of acute viral encephalitis but little is known about its clinical, biological and imaging features. Jun 11, 2018 · Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in children and it usually runs a self-limiting and ultimately benign clinical course. 1 This challenging entity is largely associated with infectious and autoimmune causes. To date, HSV-1 has been identified as the Mar 12, 2024 · Ataxia refers to disorders of uncoordinated movement, often involving gait. A clear definition of infectious versus post infectious cerebellitis is lacking in the literature. Whereas the term acute cerebellar ataxia is used to define patients with normal MRI and a benign clinical course, the term acute cerebellitis implies a more severe disorder with MRI inflammatory changes. It is reported as a complication of several systemic infectious diseases, such as varicella infection (chickenpox) 6. (34623105) Multiple manifestations may occur simultaneously, affecting different parts of the neuraxis. Most people with infectious encephalitis have flu-like symptoms, such as: Headache. Mar 9, 2016 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory condition. The most common cause, acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA), is estimated to occur in 1 in 100,000 children. Cerebellar involvement of HSV-1 is rare and almost always associated with The prognosis remains poor [10, 11]. Primary VZV infection is associated with acute cerebellitis and stroke, particularly in childhood. The results of MR imaging in acute cerebellitis are variable, and normal MR brain scans have been previously reported. If the ataxia occurs in the acute setting of an illness, the syndrome is usually designated infectious. A broad clinical spectrum makes diagnosis challenging. 1, 2 In a large case series of 791 patients with enteric fever, 10 had cerebellitis, 9 of whom developed ataxia in the second week of illness. Acute cerebellar ataxia is considered benign, and its symptoms usually diminish within several weeks. Inflammation affecting the central nervous system is a common cause of neurological signs with non-infectious (suspected immune-mediated) disease much more common than infectious disease in dogs in England, affecting 83. The occurrence of HSV isolated cerebellar involvement is rare and d of care for HSV encephalitis treatment. Oct 3, 2024 · Acute cerebellitis, one of the most common causes of acute cerebellar damage in infants, can be infectious, post-infectious, or post vaccination [2, 3]. This includes disorders associated with malignancy (paraneoplastic encephalitides), as well as postinfectious and idiopathic disorders. Acute cerebellitis is a rare condition, and MR imaging is helpful in the differential diagnosis. Feb 11, 2025 · Acute post-infectious cerebellar ataxia usually follows a viral infection, leading to an abrupt onset of cerebellar symptoms. We present serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a partially reversible, idiopathic cerebellitis. We present the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data in 9 children diagnosed with acute cerebellitis, who were identified by database search in our pediatric medical center from January 2000 to November Sep 11, 2023 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterized by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. In the past 2 decades, a variety of genetic, infectious, and antibody-mediated causes of acute cerebellar ataxia have been identified. May 27, 2016 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory condition. Post-viral cerebellar ataxia is caused by damage to or problems with the cerebellum. Jul 27, 2023 · Cerebellar ataxia can be either acute or chronic. Acute ataxia is more common than chronic ataxia in children Ataxia may be caused by dysfunction at any level of the motor system from brain to muscle. Because life-threatening causes of pure ataxia are rare in children, an approach in a stepwise fashion is recommended. The neurological manifestations of norovirus are underrecognized, but several wide-spectrum neurological manifestations Jun 4, 2023 · Acute cerebellitis (AC) in children and adolescents is an inflammatory disease of the cerebellum due to viral or bacterial infections but also autoimmune-mediated processes. The most frequently associated viral agent is varicella. Aug 28, 2017 · Cerebellar ataxia (CA), also known as cerebellitis, It is a disorder that occurs when the cerebellum becomes inflamed or damaged. It can also happen as a result of an autoimmune condition, such as lupus or multiple sclerosis, which is more common in adults. Varicella zoster, Epsten-Barr, rubeola, pertussis, diphtheria, and coxsackie viruses are the most frequently involved agents. They are relatively common neurologic disorders among children, and may follow infections, or, more rarely, vaccinations. The comprehensive range of potential causes is broad, but typical causes are few and have changed Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory condition. Meanwhile, the other third may be caused by bacteria or viruses, with viruses sometimes causing more severe symptoms and having a more severe course [3]. There are a few cases of cerebellar infections associated with Acute cerebellitis is a rare diagnosis found mostly in the pediatric population. Respiratory coronavirus has been described as a cause of encephalomyelitis and encephalitis. Those indirectly associated with infection include an acute demyelinating process, which is often temporally related to a prior infection outside of the CNS. Acute cerebellitis complications may be related to compression of posterior fossa structures, acute hydrocephalus, and/ or intracranial hypertension [2 – 4]. Nov 26, 2014 · Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) is a relatively common neurological disease in children. Additionally, some cases do not fit within these categories, meaning that making a diagnosis can be quite challenging and prolonged. Nov 14, 2018 · who get infected at the later age group. Mar 11, 2013 · CNS involvement is commonly associated with enteric fever; however, cerebellitis is rare and more commonly associated with Salmonella typhi in children in endemic areas. ACA include Acute Cerebellitis Also known as acute cerebellar ataxia, acute cerebellitis is an uncommon inflammatory disorder. We describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with acute mental status changes, signs of cerebellar dysfunction, Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in children and it usually runs a self-limiting and ultimately benign clinical course. Both manifested tonsillar herniation and hydrocephalus. Ataxia is most frequently caused by dysfunction of the complex circuitry connecting the cerebellum, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. there is no accepted consensus regarding the best management of children with AC/ACA: the aim of the study Acute cerebellitis commonly presents as acute ataxia in children. 71±2. No examples of acute cerebellitis following group A streptococcal infection have been documented. A small proportion of children have evidence The cause of acute cerebellitis remains unknown in about two-thirds of the cases. [24] Mar 19, 2025 · Encephalitis is the inflammation of brain parenchyma with neurological dysfunction. We present another interesting case of post-EBV cerebellitis in a 21-year-old patient with confirmed infectious mononucleosis. The definite etiology is unknown, many viral causes have been implicated including varicella, enterovirus, rotavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplex virus. Acute viral cerebellitis is most commonly described in children (4). A small proportion of children have evidence Aug 23, 2021 · Introduction Acute cerebellitis is exceptionally rare in adults often preceded by systemic viral or bacterial infections. Background Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) is a relatively common neurological disease in children. Some medical and nonstroke causes of the AVS must also be considered. The etiology, in most instances, is unknown. there is no accepted consensus regarding the best management of children with AC/ACA: the aim of the study is both to assess clinical, neuroimaging and electrophysiologic features of children with AC/ACA and to evaluate the Sep 13, 2021 · Acute cerebellitis (AC) is a rare inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, usually presenting as a primary infection or post-infectious disease in early childhood, although a few cases have also been reported in adults. Background Cerebellitis is an inflammatory syndrome which commonly presents with a headache, nausea, vomiting and cerebellar signs (eg, ataxia, dysarthria). Additional contributor: R. Viral pathogens known to cause acute cerebellitis include varicella-zoster, herpes simplex, Epstein-Barr, rotavirus, echovirus, coxsackie, mumps, measles, and rubella (5). Differentiation of acute infectious cerebellitis from postinfectious cerebellitis is usually based on the presence of fever and absence of a latent period following a non-specific infection Post-infectious cerebellitis/acute cerebellar ataxia has been reported in literature in children less than 6 years of age and it is very rare after Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, especially in children greater than 15 [1 - 3]. Results Nine children were included in this study (mean age, 3. The most characteristic finding by magnetic resonance imaging is diffuse cortical swelling of the cerebellum, often complicated by hydrocephulus or Introduction Cerebellitis is a rare condition and is mainly associated with preceding illness, mainly viral. Comprehensive guide on acute cerebellar ataxia in children, covering diagnosis, management, and treatment strategies to optimize patient care. Nevertheless. Cerebellar tumours and acute hydrocephalus are rare causes of paediatric ataxia. Infectious encephalitis is caused by viral (most common), bacterial, parasitic, or fungal pathogens. Other causes of acute cerebellar ataxia include: Abscess of the cerebellum Alcohol, medicines, insecticides, and illicit drugs Bleeding into Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute ataxia in children and it usually runs a self-limiting and ultimately benign clinical course. Granulomatous meningoencephalitis Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis. This condition is most commonly observed in young children and often follows viral infections, such as chickenpox, but can also arise from various The varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous, neurotropic pathogen capable of reactivation from sensory ganglion cells to cause dermatomal herpes zoster infection, alongside a range of pathologies within the central nervous system. Few cases are instead described among infants. (See "Clinical features of varicella-zoster virus infection: Chickenpox", section on 'Neurologic An adolescent presented with headache and projectile vomiting and showed ataxia, dysarthia and nystagmus with normal cognition. Due to rarity of disease, the literature describing cerebellitis is unclear, with its epidemiology, diagnosis, natural Jun 14, 2024 · Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory entity but is a serious cause of cerebellar ataxia in the pediatric population [1, 2] and its presentation varies from benign symptoms to fulminant fatal presentation with posterior fossa compression, hydrocephalus, or intracranial hypertension [2]. Fever and unilateral or bilateral parotid swelling characterise the acute illness. 1,2 It usually occurs in the context of infection or after infection or vaccination, although there are cases in which a trigger is not identified. Aches in muscles or joints. Extracerebellar symptoms (e. APCA is Overview ICD-10 code G053 refers to the condition known as post-infectious cerebellitis, a rare neurological disorder that affects the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for coordinating movement and balance. Rarely, it can result in obstructive hydrocephalus. In our animal model of the acute inflammation of Mar 1, 2019 · Acute cerebellitis (AC) is a principal cause of acute cerebellar dysfunction in previously well children. Mar 12, 2020 · The diagnosis of acute cerebellitis rather than acute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia should be considered when headache and vomiting accompany ataxia in a child. The majority of cases have been described in children and were caused by a primary infection (e. HSV-1 encephalitis most commonl involves the temporal and frontal lobes. Background: Acute cerebellitis (AC) and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) are the principal causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood. Specific viruses are more common in certain populations or regions, and thus an appreciation of viral epidemiology is important. Onset may be acute (eg: in a patient with stroke) or it may be gradual. West-Nile virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae) or a postinfectious disorder [1]. Viral infections that may cause this include chickenpox, Coxsackie disease, Epstein-Barr, echovirus, among others. The term autoimmune cerebellar ataxias (ACA) refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders in which the cerebellar ataxia is the only or the predominant symptom, and it is caused by immune-mediated mechanisms [1]. Common causes are acute post-infectious ataxia (APCA), intoxications and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Some groups have termed this type of autoimmune ataxia as para-infectious cerebellitis or acute cerebellar ataxia [10, 11, 50, 51]. The cerebellum is found at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum and close to the Acute cerebellitis (acute cerebellar ataxia) is a para-infectious disorder, predominately of childhood. Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory syndrome characterized by cerebellar dysfunction. paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) [1], gluten ataxia (GA) [2], post-infectious cerebellitis (PIC) [3] as well as ataxias where neuronal antibodies have been convincingly shown to be directly involved in the pathogenesis of the ataxia. Symptoms are variable and express acute cerebellar dysfunction, manifesting with ataxia, nystagmus, dysmetria Jan 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellar ataxia is a rare, parainfectious or postinfectious, phenomenon occurring in both children and adults. Other causes of acute cerebellar ataxia include: Abscess of the cerebellum Alcohol, medicines, insecticides, and illicit drugs Bleeding into Jan 21, 2021 · The past year, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has displayed widespread systemic manifestations including neurological features (up to 36%) such as stroke, myelitis, and encephalitis. Mar 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterized by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. Rapid progression in hours or days is associated with infectious or parainfectious cerebellitis; immune-mediated disorders such as Miller-Fisher syndrome (MF); acute toxin exposure; rapid metabolic derangement; or multiple sclerosis (MS). It can occur several weeks after a viral infection. Acute cerebellitis is a benign neurologic condition generally caused by viral or bacterial infections. While the condition is usually self-limiting, early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for better patient outcomes. Influenza associated cerebellitis is extremely rare; a 6-year-old boy with acute cerebellitis, who presented with fever, vomiting, weakness, Dec 22, 2017 · Viral involvement is the most common cause and ranges from acute postinfectious ataxia to acute cerebellitis MR imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation of patients suspected of harboring inflammatory-infectious involvement of the cerebellum and bra […] Mar 16, 2025 · Acute cerebellitis and acute cerebellar ataxia represent a spectrum of inflammatory processes characterized by sudden onset cerebellar dysfunction. Abstract Acute cerebellitis is usually infectious, post-infectious or post-vaccination. Bilateral diffuse hemispheric abnormalities represent the most common imaging presentations. Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia that originates from abnormalities such as inflammation in the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebellum. Our observations demonstrate the various imag … Jun 5, 2023 · Background Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) and acute cerebellitis represent disorders characterized by a para-infectious, post-infectious, or post-vaccination cerebellar inflammation. Its course is usually self-limited but occasionally fulminant. MR imaging demonstrates mass effect and increased cerebellar T2 SI. This article presents a case of post Thus, a primarily cerebellar syndrome narrows infectious differential diagnostic considerations. Post-Infectious Cerebellitis) is the most common cause of acute cerebellar ataxia in children. Jan 9, 2024 · Learn about the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute cerebellar ataxia. Fatigue or weakness. Thus, it should be suspected for any symptomatic patient with a recent travel history to a malaria-endemic area. Acute cerebellitis heals with sequelae in about one-third of cases. The patient was clinically diagnosed with EBV-associated acute cerebellitis. It usually affects children and is related as a consequence of primary or secondary infection, or Acute postinfectious cerebellitis is more common in children and young adults. Using acute specimens, human rhinovirus A was detected in his throat swab and cerebrospinal fluid. Mar 16, 2025 · Epidemiology Usually occurring in children under six years of age, acute cerebellar ataxia and acute cerebellitis represent the most common cause of acute ataxia in the paediatric population. Diagnosing acute cerebellitis may be difficult in patients with only subtle cerebellar signs and when cerebro-spinal fluid examination is normal. Bilateral cerebellar parenchymal abnormalities were noted, including hyperintensities on T2 Jun 12, 2017 · Abstract Background: Acute cerebellitis (AC) and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) are the principal causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood. Mar 10, 2022 · The cerebellum governs motor coordination and motor learning. 2, 5 While most cases are similar in describing the sudden onset of limb and Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory process affecting the cerebellum, commonly seen in the pediatric population following primary or secondary infection. g9na5c fatc5h qxylrcq ckq agecl ek7n vxzj5 mjpu 2x95q 4uswndb